Hepatitis
B is usually diagnosed through routine or requested screening tests. People are
often screened for HBV when they:
- Have come in contact with someone with HBV
- Have traveled to a country where HBV is common
- Have been in jail
- Use drugs
- Receive kidney dialysis
- Are pregnant
- Are men who have sex with men
- Have HIV (Kahn, A., 2012)
To
screen for HBV, your doctor will perform a series of blood tests.
Three
tests are used to determine the state of your infection:
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test
A
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test shows if you are
contagious. A positive result means you are infected and can spread the virus.
A negative result means you don’t have HBV. This test does not distinguish
between chronic and acute infection (Kahn, 2012).
Hepatitis B Core Antigen Test
The
hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) test shows whether you are currently infected
with HBV. Positive results usually mean you have chronic HBV. It may also mean
you are recovering from acute HBV (Kahn, 2012).
Antibody Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test
An
antibody hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) test shows whether you are
immune to HBV. A positive test means you cannot contract HBV. There are two
possible reasons for a positive test. You may have been vaccinated. You may
also have recovered from an acute infection with HBV (Kahn, 2012).
Liver Function Tests
HBV
symptoms can mimic the symptoms of other conditions, including liver diseases.
Liver
function (ALT) tests check your blood for heightened enzymes from your liver.
The results of this test can reveal whether your liver is being stressed. It
can also identify signs of disease.
If
these tests are positive, you might be tested for HBV. Hepatitis viruses are a
major cause of liver damage (Kahn, 2012).
References
Kahn, April. (2012). Hepatitis B Overview. Retrieved May 27,
2015, from http://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-b#Overview1
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