In caring for the person with Hepatitis B virus there are
many aspects of the health maintenance process that must be addressed.
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Nursing Intervention
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Resaoning
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Monitor hydration
through intake and output and encourage fluids as tolerated
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When experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea it
is easy to become dehydrated.
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Monitor
prothrombin time and for signs of bleeding.
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This is a measure of how well the blood is clotting
and tells the doctor if there is a need for Vitamin K to decrease clotting
time
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Encourage
the patient to eat meals in a sitting position to reduce pressure on the
liver.
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Eating meals in a sitting position reduces pressure
in the abdomen from the stomach and intestinal tract processing food.
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Encourage pleasing
meals in an environment with minimal noxious stimuli (odors, noise, and
interruptions).
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This allows for relaxation at mealtime, with
decreased stress on the body.
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Teach
self-administration of antiemetics as prescribed.
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Antiemetics are used to decrease/eliminate nausea
and therefore reduce vomiting and decrease dehydration.
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Encourage rest during
symptomatic phase, according to level of fatigue.
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Resting when symptoms are more noticeable will help
to reduce fatigue and discomfort.
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Encourage diversional
activities when recovery and convalescence are prolonged.
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Finding a variety of things to do while recovering
from the illness will help time to pass more quickly.
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Encourage gradual
resumption of activities and mild exercise during convalescent period.
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Gradual increases in activity will help to build up
stamina and allow return to normal without causing undo stress on the body.
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Stress importance of
proper public and home sanitation and proper preparation and dispensation of
foods.
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Good hand hygiene and proper food handling will
reduce risk of transmitting the virus to others.
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Encourage specific
protection for close contacts.
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This is to help keep from spreading the virus to
those around the infected person while the virus is still in the system.
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Explain precautions
about transmission and prevention of transmission to others to the patient
and family.
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This educates the person with the virus about how to
keep those around them safe from transmission of the virus (example: don’t
share toothbrushes, razors, needles, eating utensils, no sexual contact)
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Warn the patient to
avoid trauma that may cause bruising.
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Avoiding trauma will reduce risk of injuries that
can cause bruising and bleeding.
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Stress the need to
follow precautions with blood and secretions until the patient is deemed free
of HBsAg.
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It is important to decrease any possibility of
transmitting the virus to others and following all preventative actions until
the virus is no longer present in the blood.
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Emphasize that most
hepatitis is self-limiting, but follow up is needed for liver function tests.
(Towers, 2015)
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This is important to understand in order to keep the
best possible outlook while going through the recovery process. Emphasis on
following up with liver tests is important to ensure that the virus is
resolved.
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References
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